Sociology Essays Child Socialising Society

Sociology Essays Child Socialising Society Child Socialising Society Socialisation Every child comes into this world like wet clay, completely bereft of any vices, habits and behavioural patterns. Socialising is the process by which the child moulds itself and learns the process of interacting and surviving in society. There are various key factors that influence this process the family, the peers, the school, society and religious beliefs. The first point of contact to the child and also the most important factor is always the family. The ethics and behaviour that is followed at home is always imbibed unconsciously by the child. Parents are generally role models for children. Hence the socializing skills are passed on in most cases to the offspring. Elder siblings are also a source of influence. It is because of this reason that in the joint family system that existed previously in India, the children were always better adjusted to society. They had such a plethora of individuals to study and imbibe from that under any given circumstances in life, they would adjust and adapt freely. But in the present nuclear family system, the parents play an even more important role in shaping a child’s behavioural patterns. And even in the same family no two children can be the same. This is where the nature versus nurture debate comes in. The genetically ingrained nature has to be nurtured to conform to the rules of society. The most absorptive years in one’s life is till the age of 10. An individual is always on the path of learning but the foundation of what a person becomes is laid during these formative years. Various societies inculcate varied socializing skills amongst their members. It does not indicate that one culture is superior to the other. It just depends on the way that the civilization under study has progressed. A civilization which has cultivated its young generation with a common set of rules and a uniform educational system is more likely to be homogenous and more at harmony amongst themselves. But on the other hand it is also seen that heterogeneous communities, like the United States of America, benefit from the presence of various ethnic minority communities. Each minority community brings along with it, its culture, its ethnicity, their customs etc. Having so many socializing influences makes the parent society a more tolerant one. 1 There are also found to be two types of socializing, depending on the nature of factors that influence them. Positive socializing is one in which a person learns through good and happy experiences. Parents teaching their kids from their experiences, learning from books or from peers are some example of positive socializing. Positive socializing can take on the form of natural socializing and planned socializing. Find out how our expert essay writers can help you with your work Natural socializing is when a child through his own inquisitiveness starts exploring and learning from the various situations around him/her. The way a child responds to such situations is generally genetically ingrained. Planned socializing is when various external factors like parents, teachers, school curriculum, religious doctrines and social dictates try to change the internal response system of the child to conform to more socially acceptable norms. Negative socializing happens when a person understands or begins to comprehend after undergoing a bad experience or ‘learning the hard way’ as it is said. Learning the valuable lesson, that over speeding is dangerous, after meeting with an accident is an example of negative socializing. The victim of a rape too undergoes the trauma of negative socializing after which she shrinks into her own shell and abhors social contact.   Life is always a mixture of positive and negative experiences. The more positive experiences in socializing one has, the happier or more positive the person gets. More negative socializing in a person’s life gets him demoralised and unhappy.   At any given point in time an individual is usually the sum total of his prior socialisation or past experiences. 2 A person does not have any hold over choosing ones parents and place of birth. Thus, effectively a person has no control over the initial socializing influences that one gets in the first 10 or 20 yrs of ones life. But it depends on a person as to how he uses his prior socializing skills and observation power to make a better tomorrow for himself. He should learn from his past and from the situations around himself to better himself. Thus self actualization will set in and a person can work towards his dream of a better tomorrow. 1. http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.html 2. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/baldwin/classes/soc142/scznDEF.html 3. http://www.delmar.edu/socsci/rlong/intro/social.html 4. Writers Own Analysis

Business Managing financial resources and decisions Essay

Introduction Mrs. Jessica Bell wants to setup her own company which will provide accounting and consultancy solutions. She has collected other necessary information and other aspects are also easily available to her. The name of the company is JAC SOLUTIONS. The company needs $800000 to bear the cost of establishment, working capital and seed capital. She already has 200000 pounds and needs to get 600000 pounds through sources of long term and short term finance. We need to analyze different sources of finances that can eb taken to consideration for bearing the cost of working capital, seed capital and establishment costs. We also need to determine the implications and related advantages and disadvantages of the sources of finance. Apart from this, Mrs. Jessica Bell wants to purchase a property of 350000 pounds for the business purpose and for this she is considering a long term loan for 12 years and a mortgage of 25 years. She has 70000 pounds for initial deposit for the property. Now we need to calculate and analyze that which one will better option for her for buying the property. Apart from this she needs to understand the meaning and importance of financial planning and the information that are needed about a business by the investors and shareholders. We also need to describe the different types of budgets and the importance of budget analysis in decision making process. we will also analyze the financial statements of a profit making organisation. Question P1 Four sources of finances that are available to JAC SOLUTIONS She can consider some sources of finances as discussed below- Venture capital Venture capital funds support growing firms during their inception stages and before they are going for initial public offerings of shares. Firm will get venture capital as a form of equity capital. It represents a highly risky investment in the hope of earning higher return in future. It typically invests into equity or quasi equity instruments in financial market which will be able to share the risk and profit of the investee firm. Venture capitalist not only invests in the new company but also guides the firm actively in taking major decisions. Financial burden of the assisted firm tends to be low. Venture capitalist normally close it position by liquidating the investment from the assisted firm after 7 years. (Chandra, 2011, p.436). Bank Loan Personal or commercial loans from banks and financial institutions are one of the most popular forms of financing. It includes long term and short term loans. Long term loans are useful to finance fixed assets and large expenses like buildings, property and machinery. Short term loans are having duration of one year or less. These are mainly helpful for to pay day to day business expenses like payroll, inventory or any urgent requirements. Private Equity Private equity has become an integral part of the financial services industry in the world in last two decades for funding in small new business. Private equity companies are those which have their own pools of capital invested by different institutions or high net worth individuals and run by such managers who have deep knowledge in financial market linked to the performance of the funds. Private equity companies have their own set of written agreements upon which they judge the investee companies. They also participate in board meetings and can take managerial decisions (Chandra, 2011, p.437). Small Business Administration SBA helps to facilitate loan for a new business venture through a third party lender. It provides various types of financial assistance for the business which are effective and are designed to meet key needs. It includes debt financing, bonds, equity financing. In case of debt financing, SBA does not provide loans directly to the business. But it sets the guidelines for the requirement and then it is lent by lenders, micro lending institutions etc. guarantee of the loan is given by the SBA. Thus a SBA loan is similar to a commercial loan for a business (SBA, 2013). Question P2 Implications of Venture Capital Venture capital is one of the important sources of finance. If an entrepreneur decides toi take the help0 to raise finance for his/her business then he/she may go to the venture capitalists. In this case, the entrepreneur needs not to worry about the finance, the venture capital organisation will look after it but the venture capital firm will also take part in the managerial decisions of the organisation. Advantages and disadvantages of sources of Finance Pros and Cons of Venture Capital Financing The main advantage of venture capital financing is the venture capitalists gamble on the new company. If the new succeeds they earn high rate of return but if the new idea fails then they absorb their losses. If the business fails the new firm won’t have any burden on them. Beside this venture capital also help to grow business quickly. As the venture capitalists have a share in the new business, thus it’s also their interest to improve the network of the business with rich investors who might become more profitable for the business (Cetindamar, 2003, pp. 29-30). There are also some disadvantages of venture capital financing. Venture capitalist owns a large portion of stake in the new company. Although the new company need not to repay the money of the investors but it has some limitations. Venture capitalist invests his money in exchange of shares of the company. This reduces the number of shares in the hand of the founder of the company. Implications of Bank Loan Bank loan can be taken to generate additional finance for the organisation. The implications of bank loan are that it can be arranged against some securities and the borrower needs to pay a fixed rate of interest. The bank will not interfere in any of the managerial decisions. Pros and Cons of Bank Loans The advantages of bank loan are that bank loans are cheap than equity financing and incase of bank loans the bank does not interfere in the managerial decisions of the company. The disadvantage of is that it carries interest which should be refund with the principle amount in a specific duration of time. If the company is unable to repay it within stipulated time period then the bank can overtake the assets of the company which may leads to bankruptcy. Implications of Private Equity The implications of private equity are quite similar with the implications of venture capital. The implications of private equity are that this helps to get additional finance and take the responsibilities of the business and help to take appropriate decisions. Pros and Cons of Private Equity The main importance of private equity investment is that it involves introducing a new partner to the business that will share the responsibilities of the business and help in the managerial decisions. It also helps the business to raise equity at higher price and private equity firms also the help the new company by bringing additional skills and new business networks that will be more profitable for the new company (Benjamin, 2000, p.27). Private equity firm also has some kind of limitations. The promoter of the new company is accountable to the private equity firm for any kind of major decisions. Implications of SBA The implications of SBA are that it helps to get third party loan like bank loans easily. Pros and Cons of SBA The main important advantage of an SBA is that if the company treats the SBA loan properly then its chance of getting bank loan gets easy. It also has some disadvantages like it doesn’t invest directly in the new business. Question P3 Sources of finances for buying the property Mrs. Bell wants to a buy a property of 350000 pounds and she has 70000 pounds in her hand for initial deposit which is 20% of the property. Thus she needs to get funding for 280000 pounds. Long term loan Long term loans are useful for buying property and these are for generally more than 12 months. In this case Mrs. Bell wants to take a long term loan of 280000 pounds for 12 years. In UK the current rate of interest is near about 6% for long term loans (Money.co.uk, 2014). Mortgage Mortgage is a debt instrument which is secured by a specific real estate property and the borrower of the mortgage is bound to pay back the principle with interest rate within a time period. It is used to buy large amount of real estate. In UK the current rate of mortgage is 6% and here the duration of mortgage will be 25 years. Question P4 Borrowed Amount 280000 280000 Total Interest Payment 336000 700000 Total repayment 616000 980000 Total month 144 300 Monthly installment  £ 4,278  £ 3,267 The cost of the long term loan will be 4,278 pounds per month and total interest will paid of 336000 pounds. The cost of the mortgage will be 3,267 pounds per month. Total interest will be 700000 pounds. Thus we can see that the monthly interest of long term loan is higher than the mortgage payment but we should consider that in case of mortgage payment we need to pay more amount of total interest along with the principle amount than the long term loan. But for a starting business it will be better to pay less  monthly installment because it is not sure about how money it will be able to earn in the beginning. Thus mortgage payment method should be chosen as the interest payment will be less. Question P5 Financial planning can be defined as calculating about expected expenses and revenues for the coming financial year. Financial planning is necessary for a business organization to conduct the business activity in a smooth way. Importance Financial planning is important because it states about the probable necessary income and expenditures which will help to earn profit for the business organization. Financial planning includes budgeting method in which managers prepare a budget about upcoming income and expenses that the company has to taken care of. It helps us to set up a sales target and goals for production process. Cash budget states about the future cash receipts and payments for a specific period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for outside financing. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is well going by fulfilling the revenue target within the budgeted expenditures. Question P6 Financial statements provide financial information to the investors and creditors regarding financial performance of the company. Analysis of financial statements helps the managers to make decisions by understanding the financial condition of the company (Wild, 2006, pp.12-15). For instance, the creditors and banks (capital providers) are generally interested in the safety and profitability of their investment. The balance sheet of the company gives them an idea about where their money was invested by providing detailed information about the assets of company. Shareholders’ equity shown in the balance sheet is important for making decision making because it shows the changes in various equity components including retained earnings. The total net-worth of the company is the sum of retained earnings and shareholders’ equity. Growth in shareholders’ equity by increasing retained  earnings implies accumulated investment returns (Swart, 2004, pp.300-302). Question P7 If the shareholders of this business choose to include debt capital to finance this project then it is very important for the business to have healthy financial statements. Since debt capital is a fixed obligation that requires regular repayment of interest along with principal. The business will have to pay regular interest on outstanding capital even if it incurs losses and has to liquidate assets. If the business is not able to earn more than its cost of capital then the net-worth of the investors will turn negative and business will be a failure. The most important impact of sources of finance on financial statements arises from sale of assets and loan. The impact of loan on financial statements include reduction in net profit due to servicing of interest rate liability; higher provisions for doubtful debts; and increase in liabilities along with increase in assets where funds were employed. The sale of asset helps organizations to realize cash immediately. This strategy is gener ally employed when the organization is unable to generate sufficient cash from core operations. Question P8 Sales budget- It is constructed to estimate the future sales and it can be broken into currency and units. It is used to set a target for sales goals for the company. Production budget- It estimates the number of uni8ts of output which should be produced to meet the sales target. It also states about various costs that are involved in the manufacturing process. Material budget Material budget is constructed after calculating the production requirements after preparing the production budget. It includes cost and amount of raw materials that is needed to conduct the production. Labour budget It is used to calculate the labor hours which will be needed to produce the required amount of output. Cash Budget It is an expectation of future cash receipts and consumptions for a specific  time period. It typically takes into account a period in the nearest future. The cash budget helps the business to decide when revenues will be sufficient to cover expenditures and when the organization will need to look for outside financing. Master budget The master budget is a one-year budget arranging record for the firm incorporating all different budgets. It matches with the financial year of the firm and may be broken down into quarters and, further, into months. On the off chance that the firm plans for the master budget to make continuous record, moving from year to year, then ordinarily a month is added to the end of the budget to encourage arranging. This is also known as continuous budgeting. How budget analysis is useful to make appropriate decision Budget Analysis is very much helpful in making appropriate decisions. Budget helps the organization to decide about the necessary cost and sales target to fulfill. With the help of a budget, management can take proper decisions about the performance of the employees in meeting the target. Budget also helps to determine the efficiency of the managers in fulfilling the target work (The Times 100, 2014). Here we can take example of cash budget. Cash budget is very much necessary as it makes us understand about the situation of cash flow in the company. It is constructed by deducting all the expenses from the sources of cash income. It is done monthly to look after the liquidity position of the company. Thus if cash budget has surplus amount of cash then it can be said that the company is well going by fulfilling the sales goal within limited expenditures. Question P11 All profit making organization conducts some transactions everyday which has to be recorded in respective accounts so as to ascertain and reflect the true position of financial resources. Here we have taken the example of Tesco as the profit making Organization to describe the main financial statements (see appendix). The income statement of Tesco shows the total revenue of 64826 million pounds. It has gross profit of 4584 million pounds and operating income of 3074 million pounds. The company has earned 124 million pounds as net profit for the financial year 2013. From the balance  sheet of the company we can see that the total current asset is 13096 million pounds and total current liabilities are 18985 million pounds. The total asset is 50129 million pounds. The total liabilities and equity is 50129 pounds (Bloomberg, 2014). The Profit and Loss account provides information regarding total revenues, cost of sales, and gross profit. The gross profit is amount of money generated by the firm from direct sale of goods and services to customers which takes into account the direct cost of production (like cost of raw materials, labors, overheads, etc.). It also provides administrative and operating expenses and profit. The net profit for the period is shown in the reserves and surplus section of balance sheet. Without the P&L account it will not be possible for organizations to analyze true position of business on particular date. The balance sheet reflects the true financial position of firm by showing the total assets, liabilities and equity capital of the promoters. The assets and liabilities are also classified according to time period (long-term or short-term). Long-term or fixed assets include land, machinery, furniture, etc. and long-term liabilities include term loans, debentures, etc.; short-term assets are cash, bills receivables, inventory, etc. The assets are financial resources owned by profit making firm whereas liabilities are resources owed by firm to internal and external stakeholders. The total assets should always be equal to total liabilities and owners’ equity capital. This is because liabilities are sources of fund and assets are application of funds implying that theoretically they should be equal (Gallagher and Andrew, 2007, pp.62-68). Conclusion From the above study we can see that there are different types of sources of finances available to Mrs. Bell like venture capital, private equity, bank loan and small business administration. Depending upon the implications and the related advantages and disadvantages she probably choose bank loan as the source of her necessary finance. We have also seen the meaning and importance of financial planning and how information related to financial statements are helpful to the investors, shareholders and employees of the organisation. Apart from this, cash budget is also very much essential for managers to take important decision regarding the current position of the company. Thus from the above study it can be concluded that to take any  important decision in an organisation we need to analyze each and every aspect of the organisation and the financial position of the organisation. References Chandra. P., 2011. Financial Management. India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. SBA, 2013, What SBA Offers to Help Small Businesses Grow. [online]. Available at: http://www.sba.gov/content/what-sba-offers-help-small-businesses-grow. [Accessed on: March 31, 2014]. Cetindamar, D., 2003. The Growth of Venture Capital: A Cross-cultural Comparison. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Benjamin, G., 2000. Angel Financing: How to Find and Invest in Private Equity. USA: John Wiley & Sons. Gallagher, T. J. and Andrew, J. D., 2007. Financial Management: Principles and Practice. 4. United States: Pearson Education, Inc. Swart, N., 2004. Personal Financial Management. 2. New Delhi: Juta and Company Ltd. Wild, J. J., 2006. Financial Statement Analysis. 9. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. The Times 100., 2014. Budgeting and cash flow. [Online]. Available at: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/business-theory/finance/budgeting-and-cash-flow.html#axzz2xXcthI5I. [Accessed on: March 31, 2 014]. Money.co.uk., 2014. Compare Secured Loans. [Online]. Available at: http://www.money.co.uk/loans/secured-loans.htm. [Accessed on: March 31, 2014]. Bloomberg., 2014. Tesco Plc (TSCO:London Stock Exchange). [Online]. Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=TSCO:LN. [Accessed on:4/5/2014]. Bibliography Landstrom, E., 2012. Handbook of Research on Venture Capital. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Chandra. P., 2009. Projects 7/E. India: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brigham, E., 2013. Financial Management: Theory & Practice. Cengage Learning Cendrowski, H., et al., 2012. Private Equity: History, Governance, and Operations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Bartzokas, A., 2004. Financial Systems, Corporate Investment in Innovation. and Venture Capital. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Metrick, A., 2011. Venture Capital and the Finance of Innovation. USA: John Wiley and Sons.

Lesson 6 Case Studies Essay - 1585 Words

Lesson 6 Case Studies Milan Shrestha International American University MGT 500 : Organizational Behavior and Leadership Sushil Pant October 17, 2014 Chapter 12 Effective Communication: Partnership in Italy. The given case is about effective communication. In the case, Melissa Chang who is handling all sorts of sourcing activities at the company, she is asked to travel to Venice, Italy to meet her company’s partnering company. She is asked to travel for solving the issues that has made a bad impression of her company towards the partnering company. As before also Melissa’s colleagues cancelled their trip to Moscow at the last minute which hampered their relationship with other partners†¦show more content†¦And at the second day, her communication skill was so effective that the behavior of Italian partners changed and they were much warmer and willing to sit down and discuss details of work. So her response to the feelings of the Italian partners helped her analyze the situation properly. Melissa’s also noted down Italian partner’s cues or issues and answering correctly to the partner’s efficiently. Mainly the active listening of Melissa helped her answer thoroughly. Melissa established rapport towards the partners which effectively communicate to help them feel comfortable. So Melissa’s communication style impacted the performance of the Italian partners which we can see in the case that Italian partners projected plan for the next fiscal year and also a formal dinner in her honor was arranged. Italian partners also praise Melissa for her quick actions and decisiveness. Question 2: Primary source of information to Melissa’s visit The primary sources of information prior to Melissa’s visit to Italy was the establishment of effective communication in between the Italian partners and her company in order to solve the issues. Italian partners requested several times for information to Melissa’s colleagues but it was not fulfilled. So to tackle the communication barriers in between the two partnering companies is the primary source to Melissa’s visit to Italy. The act of removing theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Health Care767 Words   |  4 Pagesto six (6) pages in length; refer to the Assignment Format  page for specific format requirements. This written assignment has two parts and involves combining the case studies from lessons 1-4. For each of the case studies, you are responsible for selecting the appropriate case at the end of the applicable chapter and response to the question. In each of the cases you will respond as if you are the hospital administrator. For part 1 of this written assignment, please see case studies relatingRead MorePERSONAL ND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Essays1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Lesson Plan – 2 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Unit Title: Personal and Professional Development Topic: Personal Swot Analysis Week 2 Time: Variable Duration: 5 Hours Lecturers: Module Leader: Joy Meme Venue: Variable No of students: Variable Lesson Objectives: 1.Understanding of the use and concept of a Personal SWOT Analysis 2.Completion of a Personal SWOT Analysis 3.Reading and discussion of the article-â€Å"How to LeadRead MoreKey Lessons Learned From This Case Study Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages Mangleshkumar Patel ISEM 500 IS Strategic Planning ID 189732 (FALL SEM) 1 G.E Case Study 5 Key lessons learned from this case study 1 Transformation of company into E-business by using Internet GE wants to reduce their cost and increases the sales by using the internet. Their planning want to do the transaction 100% automatically 2 Protect the GE from other companies who could adopt their StrategiesRead MoreProgram Evaluation : Wilson Reading System1635 Words   |  7 Pages90 minutes and covers a 10-part lesson plan. The lesson plan does not rely on a pre-packaged curriculum, rather the instructor develops the lesson based on the needs and interests of the student. Thus, each lesson is age-appropriate to the student. For instance, an older student who is several years behind in reading compared to peers does not need to rely on materials developed for students significantly younger. Aside from age-appropriate subject matter, lessons for older students also includeRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Experiences of Physical Activity from People with Disabilities1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this study was to find out the positive and negative experiences of physical activity from people with disabilities. They used a qualitative approach of research through semi structured interviews with 20 people with disabilities who have personal experience of participating in physical activity. Each interview lasted 70-110 minutes and was audio-taped and transcribed. They chose the participants through a sampling strategy of 6 physical and 6 verbal disabled people, at least 8 malesRead MoreNapoli1378 Words   |  6 Pagescurrencies. Second, Schindler s manufacturing cost structures were compatible with customization, not commoditization. According to â€Å" Exhibit 6†, Indian people focus on price or service, not safety or technology. One of the biggest challenges he faced as getting transfer costs for elevators to a price point internally where building elevators made sense. The case study details the very slow ramp for sales. Was Silvio the right choice to head the India operation? In my opinion, I do not think thatRead MoreCase Study : Two Moms1630 Words   |  7 Pages Unit 4 Final Assignment Case Study 9.4: Two Moms Step 1: In the case study, â€Å"Two Moms†, there are multiple problems brought up. The first problem is Denise, a student with two moms, is getting picked on by her classmates. The second problem is the teacher, Ms. Ribiero, is not sure how to bring up hard topics in her classroom, such as homosexuality, and the different ways families can look. The third problem is the backlash received from the parents. Step 2: Ms. Ribiero wasRead MoreCase Study Assignment1060 Words   |  5 PagesManagement of Business Logistics-A Supply Chain Perspective, by John J. Coyle, Edward J. Bardi, C. John Langley, 7th Edition, Thompson Other texts may also be consulted. Instructor will make available other reading, case study, and reference materials as and when needed. Grading : Case Study based assignments : 2 X 15 = 30% Tests /exams : 2 X 20= 40% Final exam : 20% Short Quizzes: 4 X2. 5 = 10% A grade : 93 to 100% ; A- grade : 90 to 92% ; B+ grade : 87-89%; B grade : 83-86%; B-Read MoreA Cooperative Learning Classroom Focus On Students Mathematical Thinking968 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose The rationale of this case study was to determine whether educators with a cooperative-learning classroom focus on students’ mathematical thinking. The intention of the researchers was to provide educators with insights for instruction and professional development utilizing cooperative-learning in mathematics. Answers to the following questions were to be determined: 1) What is the frequency, type, and length of teacher’s interventions? 2) What is the quality of teachers’ interventions?Read MoreQuestions On Children With Disabilities1476 Words   |  6 PagesThey can save trees and heavy School Bags. They are also more modern. 5. Can be used for Class Communication You can send 0uestions throughout the Class if you have a shy student. You can also send Questionnaires and Homework to your Class or Teacher. 6. Brilliant for viewing content It’s perfect for viewing content while mobile. It’s great for searching the web, watching clips, reading books and taking out research. 7. Great for Children with disabilities There are plenty of apps to aid students with

Fall of Enron - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1190 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Business Essay Level High school Topics: Enron Essay Did you like this example? The documentary The Smartest Guys in the Room talks about the corrupt practices by executives of the seventh most important corporation in the United States named Enron and how this led to its bankruptcy. In the beginning this company was only dedicated to the energy business, however, after its consolidation in 1985 with Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth it focused towards other business-related activities. From Enrons distribution and transmission of energy and gas, to the development of energy plants around the globe, it ultimately contributed to their exponential growth in the market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fall of Enron" essay for you Create order Even after the massive fraud committed by the companys top executives such as Ken Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow, Lou Pai, their unethical practices resulted to be detrimental not only for them but also for their employees and shareholders. Without regard from Enrons values these executives wanted to keep on profiting from the company for personal gain. In less than a year, the fall of Enron created a severe international impact. This left tremendous repercussions in respect to the energy markets. Because of Enrons bankruptcy nearly all employees lost their jobs, which means they also lost access to their pension salaries. Additionally, the companies which had contracts with Enron suffered a loss in revenue beside the employee layoff. The film explains two important strategies that unpack the reasons for Enrons end. First, there is the practice of the mark-to-market accounting; a subjective method by which they count non-existing profits. Throughout, the film it is more commonly known as Hypothetical Future Value (HFV). Enrons executives used HFV to overcome the losses that were generated by previous frauds in the oil industry, ones which were committed by some of Enrons important public figures. Jeff Skilling, former CEO of the company, introduced the calculus of HFV. To be more specific, it consisted on the alteration of documents that indicated Enrons financial status. The company would earn considerable amounts of profit when in reality the documents did not reflect their economic situation. According to the film, the possibility of booking a potential future profit was done on the same day they signed a deal. The irregularities investigated by authorities established that the company was earning high profits that were statistically impossible because of the industry in which they were immersed. To the world, Enron possessed the benefits they claimed to have. So, because of the alleged revenue they gained, multiple stockholders invested in the company to the point where they received appraisal from Wall Street. It is important to highlight the fact that Enrons workplace transformed into an environment where ethical egoism reigned. This is can be seen in the matter that Enron transgressed all the principles and professional ethics a company should have. The top executives lost their integrity by making dishonest decisions based on their long-term and self-interested reasons, which in this case was their self-enrichment. This showed their lack of responsibility and loyalty with their customers but especially the lack of their good faith and honesty. Jeff Skillings favorite book The Selfish Gene played an important role in Enrons path. The book is about the way in which greed and competition led human nature, which represents what happened with those who held the reins of the company. The compelling notions Skilling derived from the book and his highly competitive vision is what helped him design the system by which he would guide Enron. This system is known as: Performance Review Committee (PRC), which was introduced in the documentary as the second strategy. This system promoted an intense competition between co-workers, where they would be rated in a scale from 1 to 5 (1 as in less productive and 5 as in most productive). Approximately 10% of Enrons employees who were qualified as 5 would be fired because the company did not want intelligent people catching on to the false data they were providing. With this system, Enron measured their employees performance by analyzing the amount of profits they could produce. So, the higher an employees PRC score went, the higher the probability was that he or she would be dismissed. This constant and fierce competition is an ethical trap because ones values are at stake. An ethical trap consists when two codes of ethics are in conflict which causes a moral dilemma. This can be seen in the matter that they were told to do better but if they did they would be fired. According to the text Intro to Business Law, as well as its definition, the trap reduces a persons sense of morality. This happened at Enron because employees were involved in a striking rivalry between them and they would not stop at any cost. This was done with the purpose of producing more profit for the company. In reality, it is true that people are naturally competitive. However, employees at Enron were so influenced by the system that even though they wanted to be better than their co-workers, in the long run that costed them their job because of the principles the company strived to look for in thei r workers. Another vision Jeff Skilling had was his Darwinist theory; that only the fittest people can survive, this was how he believed the world worked because he affirmed that money was the greatest motivator. This ethical trap lures people to abandon their values and it is used as a medium to justify unethical behaviors by making them look rewarding; however, according to the text Intro to Business Law, money contributes to happiness but does not equal it. This trap can make someones life easier but not happier, because it can provide amenities that increases ones life standards. On top of that, they world may consider this trap was the reason of Enrons bankruptcy. On a certain level it is because it was what the executives wanted but, the documentary lets us understand that is more than the money itself. Enron fell because of its people and their anti-values. The companys executives shared an Utilitarianistic vision of the end justify the means. Due to their arrogance, greed and pride they made un-ethical decisions to the point where they were determined to accomplish their goals regardless of the cost. In this way, they would justify their actions by doing something that is morally wrong just to take advantage of the situation. Enrons fell also left in evidence how media condescendly acted because they did not limit the lack of transparency there was since the beginning. Enron had personal relationships with media journalists, this resulted in the company having an influential image that led people to believe the company was doing well. Therefore, investors were more likely to give money to the company because of the image they represented. Overall, it is important to recognize that people need a moral path to guide themselves through life. In respect to Enron, their success was dependent on their ethics because they are the foundation of a long-term reputation; however, given its history, authorities should legislate to reprehend companies that deceive others. They should demand more transparency, create rules that protect pensioners and regulate the systems of control and auditing more strictly. By Ashley n Baez gomez Miami us florida

Brain Structure And Basic Functions - 6760 Words

INDEX Preface I- Introduction - Brain Structure and Basic Functions II- Memory - Introduction - Improve your Memory - Memory Disorders III- concentration/focus - Introduction - Improve concentration/focus - Concentration/Focus Disorders IV- Brain Nutrition V- Brain Sleep VI- Brain Exercise VII- Brain Social Life VIII- Negatives for brain health - Stress - Alcohol - Smoking - Drug Addiction - Traumatic Brain Injury - Cerebrovascular Disease Preface The brain is the control center of the body. It controls the conscious and the unconscious body processes. It is the center for conscious thoughts and mood , allows us to make decisions , think , feel and communicate with outside . It also controls the voluntary movements and regulates digestion and breathing. Being a complex organ, it is difficult for us to understand how the brain works, how it controls everything in our bodies and how its function declines. Throughout many year , people try to solve the mystery of the brain . Many structures and functions of brain are now well known , but that knowledge is not enough to deal with that mystery. We know that it is made up of neurons (about 100 billion nerve cells). Neurons are connected like wires in a giant telephone exchange. Keeping brain health is a challenge as most of disturbances of the brain functions do not occur immediately but in a progressive way. In this book, you will have some information on how the brain works , what affects the brain and howShow MoreRelatedEssay about Biology Study Guide989 Words   |  4 PagesII. BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Objective II.1 Identify the basic components of the neuron. Key Terms neuron dendrites axon cell body (soma) Exercises 1. What is a neuron? Neurons are individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information 2. Label each part of the neuron. 1.Soma 2.Dendrites 3.Myelin sheath 4.Axon [pic] Objective II.2 Define action potentialRead MoreEssay on The Five Major Structure of the Brain865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Five Major Structures of the Human Brain University of Phoenix PSY 240 October 27, 2012 Olivia Fransis The human brain is nothing short of incredible. In a way it’s the world’s most powerful computer because it can process tasks at lightning speeds and simultaneously be in control of our reflexes and every other voluntary and involuntary functions. It is the most important and complex organ as well as our core for learning At the point of birth, the brain weighs an average ofRead MoreMotivation and the Brain1249 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Motivation and the Brain Paper Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Analyze the brain structures: 3 Brain functions: 4 Motivation to engage in eating healthy behavior: 5 Conclusion: 6 References: 8 Introduction: Motivation is a phenomenon in which the brain and physical function are involved through emotional and reflexes. It is a critical factor in learning, emotions, and success of an individual. It is also influenced by emotional state of a person as the evaluations and actions ofRead MoreOn Intelligence by Jeff Hawkins1675 Words   |  7 Pagesplausible structure of the brain that mostly aligns with current thinking, he does not take into account important recent research, omitting neurologically developments that have been accepted by the scientific community. The main difference that he offers, between traditional approaches to artificial intelligence and his thinking, is the importance of drawing on memory (and associated learned patterns and processes) versus computation. He discusses at length a hierarchical system of the brain, but leavesRead MoreChapter 4 : Neurons, Hormones, And The Brain1699 Words   |  7 PagesNeurons, Hormones, and the Brain The Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint The Central Nervous System Central Nervous System The par of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord interprets information about the senses ex: Touch, Taste, Sound, Smell. Spinal Cord A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bones (the spinal column) acts as a bridge between the brain and the rest of the body spinalRead MoreUnderstanding The Nature Of The Human Mind Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The human brain is a very complicated part of the human anatomy. Kanwisher states in an inaugural article, â€Å"Understanding the nature of the human mind is arguably the greatest intellectual quest of all time. It is also one of the most challenging, requiring the combined insights not only of psychologists, computer scientists, and neuroscientists but of thinkers in nearly every intellectual pursuit, from biology and mathematics to art and anthropology† (2010). The impacts occur whenRead MoreThe Function And The Structure Of The Brain Responsible For Psychopathy895 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial to understand the function and the structure of the parts of the brain responsible for psychopathy. One of the two main parts of the brains that is crucial in this excursion is the amygdala. The amygdala abuts the anterior part of the hippocampus. It is located within the temporal lobe of the brain and takes on the shape of almond (Blair, 2008). Given that they are found on the tempo ral lobe, there is one on each side of the brain (Wright, 2016). This is the part of the brain that helps people respondRead MoreEssay about Drugs Affect on Brain947 Words   |  4 Pagespleasure, and some use them to just fit in. Either way drugs are a harmful substance that may seriously affect the body. Drugs mess with the brain in ways that we couldn’t even imagine. From destroying brain cells that help with critical thinking to destroying cells that give us the ability to feel pleasure. Drugs take the place of our natural body functions of the body. They fool receptors of the body and make it to where our bodies produce less of what we need. Over a period of time this may produceRead MoreThe Nervous System1427 Words   |  6 Pagesbodily functions, sensory experiences, and information processing. The nervous system consists of three major structures: the brain, the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (Brodal 1-18). The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerv es are responsible for different processes and have unique structures. The brain is divided into three substructures: the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem (Nieuwenhuys, and et al). The spinal cord is a bundle of nervous tissue that extends from the brain; theRead MoreLanguage And Speech Processing Throughout Modern Humans Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage processing has always been a defining factor in what makes humans unique, especially from their closest living relative primates. This paper will analyze the differences in modern human brain structure and the common chimpanzee brain structure (pan troglodytes) in regards to the language and speech function. Language and speech processing in modern humans will focus on two parts of the cerebral cortex: Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, which is responsible for generating speech and language and

Jefferson Wears A Tie Free Essays

The story Jefferson wears a tie is about a man called Jefferson. His occupation is that he works as a sales administration manager at a firm. He is quite good and skilled doing his job and got quite the potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Jefferson Wears A Tie or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is a creature of habit in what he does, and driven by his routines. He struggles to work hard and to finish his deadlines but all that changes. He starts to put less time in his work and lacks that determination he once had. He shows up late for work and acts differently during the day and quickly people at his work start to notice this sudden change and noticing him a bit more than usual. That starts a bit of a chain reaction at work, people starts to talk about him behind his back and the rumor about him getting that promotion is closer than ever. One day when the managing director shows up he confronts him with a possible promotion wearing only pajamas where it’s questioned if he even wanted the promotion. 2.Characterize Jefferson and his development Jefferson seems to be a rather reasonable man that sticks to himself; he got somehow a few routines that he like to do such as, getting that cup of tea and doing that small talk on his way to the office. A man that has a relative important role in the form, that means he got work on his table and need to make sure the quality of his work is in top notch quality, you could say that he takes a certain pride in his hard work. As the story progresses he develops different personalities, initially he cares a lot about his work and don’t have the need to socialize during work hours. But now he begins strategically different towards have himself noticed by his superiors. It’s now that he begins to socialize more, and enjoy reading the news with a cup of tea before he starts his work. He starts to feel less appreciated at work, feels that he is better than most of his fellow employees. Suddenly he chooses to rebel against his habits, his pattern changes and people quickly begin to notice him. It’s not only by work they can notice him it’s also his appeal as he starts to dress differently. This ongoing pursuit for a better position at work slowly decreases and he starts to think that his job is meaningless, so by other words he starts questioning his current position. It’s an admirable process that our main character goes though. He starts from being quiet and dissatisfied to evolving into a confident man that does  whatever he pleases. 3.Comment on the environment at Jefferson’s workplace. The environment seems to be a quite common workplace in an office. A place also where nothing really matters in a way, there are all these fancy job titles and the boss has clearly no idea about what his employees are doing, or how they are doing it. The social aspect seems to lack in this place and judging by there are a few that talks and dreams about vacations to get away from the place. 4.In a short essay (150-200 words) discuss why some people rebel against the norms and others conform to the rules. Relate your discussion in the text. The reason I think why the most people adapts to the norms it’s because, it’s actually the easiest thing to do. But then, it’s hardest for the person to fall out from these norms because you risk being judged by other people. It’s also a good way of laying of the responsibility that you got for yourself, just obey orders like Jefferson and do what pleases other. People tend to be stuck at doing things their way, some people does not necessary embrace change into their life. They are at their comfort zone, safe doing the things they do, so why change it? People also seem to tend to rebel against some of the norms because some feel the urge to break free from the rules, it can be a fantastic feeling to be also true to yourself and not being â€Å"chained† by these norms. For example, Jefferson starts questioning his life and by that he takes more control of it than ever. It’s also being said that sometimes you have to think outside the box, I believe this saying is perfect to this since you can achieve greatness other ways than following the path that already has been laid out for you. How to cite Jefferson Wears A Tie, Papers

Accounting Information System for Revenue Cycle Management

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Information System for Revenue Cycle Management. Answer: Introduction An accurate identification and acceptance of the sales of an organization is an important internal control element for the firms income statement. The sales of a company represent the primary source of the operational cash flow of the company and thus they need to be protected, monitored and managed using effective internal controls (Davis Doyle, 2016). The following procedure should be used by the firm to account and recognize for all the sales of the company. Overview of the revenue cycle To ensure success and efficiency of the companys success , the following steps should be taken. Due to the recent ransom ware outbreak, the company should take appropriate steps to ensure that the companys data is protected from these type of attacks (Orvis, 2006). First, is the sales order entry procedure. This involves processing customers orders in an organized and efficient manner to ensure that that there is prompt and accurate shipment. The second step is point of sale orders procedure. In this step the organization should ensure that they provide POS point of sales procedures to guarantee that the postings of the sales correctly have an effect on inventory and cash. However, there should be authorizations and proper reviews by the stores manager (Lirov, 2007). The third step is customer credit approval and terms procedure,: The company should take this step with the seriousness it deserves because it is at this step that potential collection problems are reduced. Any new customer will be evaluated before any credit extension is approved. .the organization should outline clear guidelines on how potential customers get credit approvals before sales orders are consummated (Revenue cycle management toolkit, 2008). The fourth step in the cycle is sales order acceptance procedure. This sis meant to ensure that the company provides the highest levels of service to its customers and also minimizing any problems coming from the orders. Thus, the recommendation is that the company should verify all orders before they are consummated. The fifth step is shipment to the customer followed by invoicing which should be done in a timely manner to ensure that the customers make timely payments. Revenue cycle risks There are several risks that are associated with the revenue cycle. These include ensuring that there is accuracy of sales and authorization. The organization should ensure that prices are correctly quoted and they follow the pricing policy of the organization (Julisch Kruegel, 2005). Another risk associated with the revenue cycle is reviewing how credit terms are extended to customers who pose a credit risk to the company. Another risk is making sure that during shipment , the goods are not delivered to the wrong person or company. Thus the organization should ensure that they get the correct address of the customer. Other risks include sales to customers with poor credit,shipping errors, theft of inventory, failure to bill customers, billing errors, theft of cash among others (Mesa Graziano Holtzman, 2005). Specific internal controls that could be implemented The organization should set up an independent credit approval function that also deals with good customer accounting to prevent selling to customers with a poor credit history. For the organization to prevent shipping errors it should reconcile the picking tickets, data entry controls , bar code scanners with the shipping notices (Julisch Kruegel, 2005). Other internal controls that should be put in place to reduce theft of inventory and inaccurate records include putting measures to ensure good accountability, secure inventory and frequently reconcile the physical count of the goods with the records. The internal control that preventys failure to bill customers is that the organization should ensure that shipping and billing should be carried out at the same time. Also, the organization should ensure that they reconcile all the sales documents and pre number the shipping documents (Bu?schkes Laskov, n.d.). Theft of cash is reduced by separating duties and assigning separate officers to undertake handling cash and posting of accounts to different individuals. Deposit the cash from sales instantly to the bank and bank reconciliation to be done by a non cash handler. Loss of data is reduced by regular off site and on site backup. Ransom ware attack Ransom ware is malicious software that threatens to block access to the victims data and publish the data to the public unless some ransom is paid. The software varies from simple to complex. While the simple ransom ware is easy to reverse especially for a knowledgeable person, there is a more complex and advanced ransom ware known as crypto viral extortion which makes an organizations files inaccessible by encrypting the victims files (Graham, 2008). A victim cannot recover their data without using a generated key that is only given after payment of ransom in form of bitcoins amd Ukash which makes its difficult to trace the perpetrators. Conclusion in conclusion, an organization can prevent its data from ransom ware attacks by backing up all the organizations information in a completely different system. Second, the staff should always be wary of suspicious websites, emails and apps and lastly using an effective and up to date antivirus. References Bu?schkes, R., Laskov, P.Detection of intrusions and malware vulnerability assessment. Davis, N., Doyle, B. (2016).Revenue cycle management best practices. Chicago, Illinois: AHIMA Press. Graham, L. (2008).Internal controls. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Julisch, K., Kruegel, C. (2005).Intrusion and Malware Detection and Vulnerability Assessment. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Lirov, Y. (2007).Practicing profitability. Marlboro, N.J.: Affinity Billing. Mesa Graziano, C., Holtzman, M. (2005).Management's reports on internal controls. Florham Park, N.J.: FERF. Orvis, S. (2006).Revenue cycle management. Marblehead, MA: HCPro. Revenue cycle management toolkit. (2008). Marblehead, MA.